Cationic Stain Blocking Primer Technology

https://www.paint.org/article/cationic-stain-blocking-primer-technology/

In May 2019, the American Coatings Associations publishes this work...

By Greg Monaghan and Alex Pinnix, Specialty Polymers, Inc.

"Most water-based architectural stain blocking primers typically have only moderate stain blocking performance, and they are designed to lock stains in the primer coat rather than block stains. This leads to a major performance difference compared to solvent-based primers. Since the stain is visible in the dry film when a bleeding substrate is coated with water-based primer, the painter cannot tell with any degree of certainty if the stain will migrate into the topcoat. Novel cationic water-based primers offer far superior stain blocking and are like solvent-based primers because many stains are blocked by the primer coat rather than locked into the primer coat.  For these cationic primers, however, manufacturing procedures and raw materials are different from those typically used in conventional anionic architectural coatings."

The author offer a nice set of references:

References

1. Burke, E., et al., “Understanding Extractive Bleed,” CoatingsTech, 3, 48–53 (2010).
2. Gruver, J. and Doll, P., “Waterborne Primers Providing the Base for Exceptional Topcoat Performance,” Paint & Coat. Ind., 10 (2018).
3. Stirling, R. and Morris, P.I., “Reducing Depletion of Western Red Cedar Extractives from Wood in Service,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Tale of Two Cedars: International Symposium on Western Redcedar and Yellow-Cedar, 87–89 (2010).
4. Thomassen, I., “Stain-blocking and mildewcide resistant coating compositions,” US5460644A (1995).
5. Van Rheenen, P., “Coating composition containing ion exchange resins,” US6815466B2 (2003).
6. Klijn, T., Twene, D., and Mestach, D., “Stain blocking waterborne coating composition,” WO2005071023A1 (2005).
7. Walker, J. and Scott, C., “Tannin stain inhibiting coating composition,” US6245141B1 (2001).
8. Wildeson, J., Kelly, J., Cosyns, A., and Wiese, H., “Stain blocking compositions,” US20100124614A1 (2015).
9. Rokowski, J., Donnelly, K., and Kuhn, R., “Tannin stain blocking coated substrate,” US5527619A (1996).
10. Van Rheenen, P. and Chou, C., “Cationic latex coatings,” US5312863A (1994).
11. Feola, R. and Gobec, M., “New Waterborne Cationic Binders for Primer Applications,” Paint & Coat. Ind., 9, 86–90 (2005).
12. Paar, W., Feola, R., Gmoser, J. and Friedl, M., “Aqueous binders based on epoxy resins,” US6653370B2 (2003).
13. Hart, M.A., “Evaluation of Stain Blocking Primer Coatings with Low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content,” California Polytechnic State University, digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/482/ (2011).
14. Graystone, J.A., “Coatings for Buildings,” Paint & Surface Coatings—Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., 401 (1999).
15. Steiner, A., et al., “Epoxy Acrylic Hybrid Resins,” European Patent Application EP3381958A1 (2018).
16. Czora, Z., “Selecting Fillers for Membrane Coatings—How Do They Affect the Performance Characteristics of a Coating,” LinkedIn, www.linkedin.com/pulse/selecting-fillers-membrane-coatings-how-do-affect-czora-che-atsc  (2017).
17. Hajas, J. and Du, J.W., “Stabilization of Titanium Dioxide in Non-Aqueous and Aqueous Coatings,” Paint & Coat. Ind., 6,40 (2004).
18. ICL Specialty Products Incorporated, Halox Flash-X 330 Nitrite Free Liquid Flash Rust Additive (2018).
19. Specialty Polymers, Inc., RayCat 5428 Technical Bulletin (2018).
20. Allnex, Technical Data Sheet, Duroxyn EF2406 40WA (2014).